Step towards Smart Grid

Through Ditrsibution Automation and Control (DAC), Following needs to be regulated:-

• DSM:- Demand side management.
• DLS:- Discretionary Load Switching = customer load management.
• Peak load pricing
• Load shedding
• Load reconfiguration.
• Voltage regulation
• TLM ( Transforner load management)
• FLM( feeder load management)
• Capacitor control
• Fault detection, isolation.
• Condition and state monitoring
• Load studies
• Customer meter reading
• Remote connect/disconnect.

Smart grids used AI ( artificial intelligence) these days.

Latest Tech Innovations in Electrical Engineering

• Grid - Scale storage

Till now pumped storage or compressed air storage technology was there, which costs about Rs 40,000 per unit.

Now flow batteries, liquid-metal batteries, flywheels and ultracapacitors have come up which costs Rs 10,000 per unit.

• Digital Power Conversion

Silicon carbide/ gallium nitrite high speed switches for high freq. power handling, They are energy efficient and nano and can replace today's bulky transformers.

• Compressorless AC and Electrochromic windows

Thery dehumidify air with desiccants instead of refrigeration cycle. Window shading w.rt temperature is also coming up.

• Clean Coal

Till now carbon capture and sequestratyion (CCS) costs Rs 500,000 per KW. New tech will make 90 % of CO2 capture @ Rs 100,000 per KW.

• Biofuels and Electrofuels

Cane/Corn ethanol are available. Cellulosic and algae based biofuels are also coming up @ Rs 100 per gallon.

• Others:- Gen IV nuke reactors, Small , shrouded wind turbines, Solid-oxide fuel cells, ground-source heat pumps.

What is used to make LEDs?

Material Formula and its type

Magnetism of different materials